Grounded in the reality of their lives: listening to teens who make the abortion decision without involving their parents.

Introduction ........................................................................................................ 63 Historical Background.................................................................................... 63 Purpose and Overview of Empirical Study..................................................... 65 I. Roe v. Wade and the “Reasonable” Physician................................................ 66 II. Minors and the Making of Medical Decisions .............................................. 68 A. Informed Consent ..................................................................................... 68 B. Confidentiality—The Flip Side of Consent .............................................. 69 C. Exceptions that Limit Parental Decision-Making Authority Without Shifting Decisional Authority to Minors ........................................................ 72 1. Medical Emergencies............................................................................. 72 2. Medical Neglect..................................................................................... 73 D. Exceptions that Simultaneously Limit Parental Decision-Making Authority and Shift Decisional Authority to Minors ...................................... 74 1. Status-Based Consent Rights ................................................................. 74 a. The Emancipated Minor .................................................................... 74